Who is primarily responsible for the safety and legality of flight operations?

The pilot-in-command is primarily responsible for the safety and legality of flight operations. This critical role encompasses the ultimate authority and accountability for the aircraft's operations, including ensuring that all safety protocols are followed, that the aircraft is airworthy, and that the flight is conducted in compliance with aviation regulations. The pilot-in-command must make real-time decisions regarding safety and maneuvering the aircraft, which includes pre-flight planning, assessing weather conditions, and the wellbeing of passengers and crew.

Air traffic control, while providing necessary guidance and instructions to ensure traffic safety in the airspace, does not have the authority to make decisions regarding the safety of a specific flight operation. Instead, their role is to facilitate safe and efficient movement within controlled airspace. Similarly, airline management focuses on operational policies, corporate safety culture, and regulatory compliance but does not engage in the day-to-day operational decisions of a flight. The maintenance crew is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft is well-maintained and airworthy, but their role is preemptive, supporting the pilot's responsibilities. Therefore, the pilot-in-command's comprehensive responsibility for safety and legality solidifies their primary role in flight operations.