Which weather phenomenon can significantly impact take-off performance?

Heavy rain and thunderstorms can significantly impact take-off performance due to several factors. First, heavy rain can lead to reduced runway surface friction, increasing the distance required for the aircraft to achieve take-off speed. Additionally, standing water on the runway can cause hydroplaning, which poses a serious risk during the critical phase of take-off.

Furthermore, thunderstorms are associated with severe wind phenomena such as windshear and turbulence. These sudden and significant changes in wind speed and direction can create challenging conditions for pilots during take-off, making it difficult to maintain control of the aircraft.

In contrast, conditions like clear skies and high visibility, light winds and low temperatures, or calm conditions with no clouds do not impose the same level of risk or impact on take-off performance. In fact, clear and calm conditions are generally considered ideal for take-offs, while heavy rain and thunderstorms introduce multiple hazards that can adversely affect performance and safety.