Which conditions must be satisfied for a pilot to operate under IFR?

To operate under IFR (Instrument Flight Rules), a pilot must hold a valid pilot license, possess a current medical certificate, and ensure that the aircraft is equipped for IFR operations. Each of these components is essential for safe and legal operation in instrument weather conditions.

A valid pilot license confirms that the pilot has the necessary training and knowledge to operate the aircraft under IFR. The current medical certificate ensures that the pilot meets the health standards required to fly, which is crucial when flying in conditions that may require reliance on instruments rather than visual references.

Additionally, the aircraft must be properly equipped for IFR, which typically includes instruments such as an altimeter, heading indicator, airspeed indicator, and navigation equipment to ensure the pilot can navigate safely and comply with air traffic control requirements. This is vital in IFR conditions where visibility may be poor and reliance on visual navigation is not possible.

Other answer choices lack one or more of these fundamental requirements, making them inadequate for IFR operations. For example, a flight plan alone does not ensure that the necessary safety and regulatory conditions have been met.