What should a pilot do to achieve maximum range as fuel is consumed?

To achieve maximum range as fuel is consumed, a pilot should decrease power to maintain constant airspeed. This technique is known as managing the aircraft’s power settings for optimal fuel efficiency. When the power is decreased, the aircraft can enter an efficient cruising mode where it minimizes fuel consumption relative to the distance traveled.

By maintaining a constant airspeed through this reduction in power, the pilot ensures that the aircraft remains in its most efficient aerodynamic state, which allows for longer distances to be covered with the fuel available. This strategy is essential because as fuel is consumed, the aircraft's weight decreases, which can also contribute to improved efficiency, but controlling power settings is a proactive way to optimize performance during flight.

The other options do not effectively support achieving maximum range. Increasing power would lead to higher fuel consumption without a proportionate increase in distance covered. Descent to a lower altitude may help under certain circumstances, but it does not inherently involve power management and could lead to increased drag if not done thoughtfully. Therefore, managing power by decreasing it while maintaining a steady speed is key for maximizing range.