What must a pilot operating under IFR report to ATC when experiencing malfunctions?

When a pilot is operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and encounters a malfunction, it is essential to report any issues related to navigational, approach, or communication equipment to Air Traffic Control (ATC). This is critical for maintaining safety and ensuring that ATC can provide the necessary support and clearances for the safe continuation of the flight.

Reporting malfunctioning equipment allows ATC to be aware of the pilot's capability to navigate and communicate effectively. It may also influence flight path adjustments, approach clearances, and the overall management of air traffic in the vicinity, ensuring that appropriate precautions are taken for both the affected flight and others in the area.

Maintaining communication with ATC about such malfunctions is a key responsibility for pilots under IFR, as it allows for better coordination and mitigates potential risks associated with impaired operational capability.