What is the purpose of the aircraft's pitot-static system?

The pitot-static system is a crucial component of an aircraft's instrumentation that serves to measure key aerodynamic parameters. Its primary purpose lies in providing accurate readings of airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed, which are essential for flight safety and performance.

The system operates using two main devices: the pitot tube and the static port. The pitot tube measures dynamic pressure, which correlates to airspeed, while the static port detects atmospheric pressure, allowing for the calculation of altitude and vertical speed. The combination of these measurements helps pilots understand the aircraft's performance in various phases of flight.

The other options involve different systems or measurements that are not part of the pitot-static system. Engine temperature and fuel efficiency, for instance, are typically monitored by other systems designed for those specific purposes. Cabin pressure is also measured by a separate system that ensures the comfort and safety of passengers and crew at altitude. Therefore, the emphasis on the pitot-static system's role in measuring airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed is critical in understanding its importance in aviation.