What is the primary method for determining wind direction and speed?

The primary method for determining wind direction and speed is through the use of a wind sock or an anemometer. A wind sock visually indicates wind direction and is especially useful at airports or outdoor locations, as its orientation shows which way the wind is blowing. It expands and contracts with the wind's strength, giving a quick assessment of wind speed.

An anemometer, on the other hand, is a more precise instrument that measures wind speed, typically by using rotating cups that spin faster in stronger winds. These devices provide accurate readings of both wind speed and, combined with other tools, can help determine wind direction as well.

Other options, such as a static pressure gauge, are not designed to measure wind conditions directly. A flight data recorder is used to capture various flight parameters, including altitude and airspeed, but it does not directly measure real-time wind data. Therefore, wind socks and anemometers are the preferred tools for pilots and meteorologists to gauge wind information critical for safe flight operations and strategic planning.