What is the primary function of flaps on an aircraft?

Flaps serve an essential purpose in aircraft operations, particularly during crucial phases like takeoff and landing. Their primary function is to increase lift when the aircraft is flying at lower speeds. When deployed, flaps alter the shape and curvature of the wing, enabling it to generate more lift at a given airspeed. This increased lift allows the aircraft to maintain controlled flight during slow operations, which is critical during takeoff as the aircraft transitions from ground to air, and during landing as it approaches the runway.

By enabling flight at lower speeds, flaps also contribute to a shorter takeoff and landing distance, making them vital for aircraft performance in various operational scenarios. The enhancement of lift makes it safer for pilots to handle the aircraft under these conditions. Other options do not accurately reflect the primary role of flaps in aircraft operation.