How is the center of gravity of an aircraft determined?

Determining the center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft is a critical aspect of ensuring safe flight operations, and this is accomplished through calculations based on weight and balance. This method involves using specific formulas and data regarding the distribution of weight within the aircraft, including the weight of passengers, cargo, fuel, and the aircraft itself.

To accurately assess the CG, flight crews will consider not just the overall weight but also the location of that weight relative to the reference points on the aircraft, which are typically the leading edge of the wing or other designated points. The calculated center of gravity must fall within safe limits specified by the aircraft manufacturer, as it affects the aircraft’s stability, control, and performance. This analytical approach allows for adjustments to be made if necessary—for example, redistributing cargo or changing fuel load—to maintain the CG within acceptable limits for different phases of flight.

Other methods such as visual inspection, pilot experience, or onboard sensors do not provide the precise and reliable determinations required for the CG as mandated by aviation regulations. Relying on these less formal methods could lead to inaccuracies and, ultimately, unsafe flight conditions. Therefore, calculation based on weight and balance is the established and reliable methodology for determining the center of gravity in aviation.